{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":12,"sheets":["Inh","Adv 3","Solvency","PIC","Courts CP","North Korea","Infra DA","K","Congress","ESR CP","Off 6","Macros"],"not_rendered":{"macros":1,"defined_names":11},"read":"whole","date_system":"1904"}

{"sheet":"Inh","index":0,"n_rows":1,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":1}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]

{"sheet":"Adv 3","index":1,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":3}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[]
[null,1]

{"sheet":"Solvency","index":2,"n_rows":1,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":1}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]

{"sheet":"PIC","index":3,"n_rows":12,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":12}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["The United States federal government should adopt an operational nuclear first use restriction.\nSolves the first advantage and avoids the turns. \n",null,"doesn't solve 2nd advantage"]
[null,1]
[]
[null,null,"links to net benefit-spilover cards or doesn't solve"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Usurping power from the president is necessary for democracy","No unique – Trump eroding democracy now – no reason why the plan solves the brink to prevent war when it doesn’t stop thousands of alt causes"]
[null,null,"kasparov 17","They can’t solve their internal link card – says executive orders, emergency powers are bad – what does the aff do to stop trump declaring an emergency to fund the wall? "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Democracy doesn’t solve war "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Kasparov card is more links to the K -- a paranoid tyrant, an aggressive dictator additional rhetorical evidence of the link "]
[null,null,"pdb"]

{"sheet":"Courts CP","index":4,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":21}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Text: The Federal judiciary of the United States should establish an operational nuclear first use restriction pursuant to Congressional war powers established by the War Powers Act. ",null,"Courts interpret Article II war powers broadly – CP has no teeth and will be challenged  Mulligan 17"]
[null,1]
[]
["Judicial restrictions solve.\nWaxman 9 ",null,"pdb--shield"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"circumvent because new tech advances"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"pdcp"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"conditionalty bad-skew, arg irerespnosbiltiy bad for clash--two options","Our interpretation is 4 condo – they don’t get to put a limit of the number of ways we tell them their aff is a contradictory dumpster fire ","2 solves offensev","good neg flex-innovation, left and right, check aff bisa, fairness controls quality of education, no offense based on this"]
[{"$nulls":3},"1. Argument innovation —debaters are risk averse, need a fallback option  \n2. Information processing — trains debaters to parce through info overloads \n3. Ideological polarization — multiple condo is key to test from all sides – agent, advantage cp and reps can are reasonable tests \n4. Checks aff bias – first and last speech and the content of the debate \n","no innovation or new affs, 4 are too bad, contradictions, rhetoric","two doesn't solve their offense"]
[{"$nulls":3},"The judge is a referee for egregious violations —prevent referendums on theory ","info processing-arg overload internal links turns that","critical thinking--left and right"]
[{"$nulls":4},"skew and arg development, that will go away with infintire conditonality","contradictionsa ren't that bad"]
[null,null,"Extensive war powers and executive flex results in unchecked OCOs – goes nuclear – especially true under Trump ","Their scenario is United States action in foreign networks leading to retaliatory strikes – aff doesn’t solve but the alt does. ","neg block","not bad in this instance"]
[{"$nulls":3},"No risk of cyber war\nClark 12 ","we don't get infinitre prep","ideological polarization"]
[{"$nulls":4},"competing interp","info processing is good"]
[{"$nulls":4},"in round abuse","skew--conditionality inev"]

{"sheet":"North Korea","index":5,"n_rows":27,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":27}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["First-use doctrine creates commitment traps that either result in nuclear war with North Korea or loss of security credibility – incentivizes north Korean first use ",null,null,"restrictions now","nk doesn't want to escalate, all rhetoric","post dates incentives cbw attacks"]
["Trump’s Missile Defense Review puts conflict on the brink",null,null,"nfu debate now","nk and china don't suggest conflict","small pox"]
["It raises the risk for miscalculation and emboldens North Korea",null,"klukowski 11","1) global conflict---executive secrecy and unaccountable groupthink causes aggressive preemption and escalation across all hotspots---congressional deliberation and decision-making checks brinkmanship---that’s Friedman and Ackerman","perry--wrong way to thin kabout conflict, nk self interest, mutualyl assured destruction","escalation is distinct, commitment trap, first use posture- preemption"]
["That ensures short-term nuclear escalation---AND bioweapon use",null,"yoo 17","2) North Korea--constraining war powers via legislation is necessary to assuage North Korean anxiety---Trump irreparably damaged diplomacy and Kim is escalating the commitment trap in response---that’s Bader","resiliency redunanacy and survivability solves accidents?","use bioweapons in response to nuclear threats",null,"nk bioweapons--try or die"]
["hayes and green 10",null,null,"3) nuclear stability---Trump’s rhetoric and escalatory NPR threaten global escalation---that combination threatens adversarial misperceptions which makes accidental miscalc from all sides likely---that’s Blair","their ev is hype, nk is not irrational","xxxx",null,"2k19, advances now, smallpox and anthrax, no vaccines, extinction, they have dispersal tech"]
["NoKo bioweapons cause extinction---most recent ev subsumes their defense",null,null,"yoo links to K, same rhetoric","No North Korea risk – détente on the penninsula\nBluth 18 ",null,null,"commitment trap--past rhetoric, the aff doesn't perptuate"]
["NFU solves – it allays North Korean fears of a first strike ",{"$nulls":3},"Not going for the offese BUT the ev proves their groupthink arguments don’t escalate hotspots – all the evidence from the 1NC and 2NC prove North Korea isn’t a legitimate threat and the aff doesn’t solve stability ",null,null,"not traditional util, avoidable death and suffering that is extinction"]
["Conflicting signals within the administration undermine the credibility of executive nuclear policy on North Korea – his signaling makes conflict inevitable",{"$nulls":6},"their 2nc card says health crisis would be bad for sv and domestic violence"]
["But Congressional involvement sends a crucial de-escalating signal",null,"No North Korea miscalc --- they don’t want to escalate a crisis.","doesn’t' assume first use"]
["An operational NFU is credible and effective "]
[null,null,"No risk of North Korean preemptive attack – about sustainability\nPerry 18 ","not about NK strike, use it or lose it pressure"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Multiple checks on use\nKehler 17 ","dual use"]
[{"$nulls":3},"hacks"]
[]
[null,null,"North Korea is hyperbole – the US is positing themselves as saviors to an “irrational” threat\nEland 18 ","we are right--not inherenltly irrational"]
[{"$nulls":3},"use it or lose it rationale"]
[]
[null,null,"no impact to biowepaons muller 10","nk has bioweapons, they are scary"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"nfu doesn't solve crisis instaibltiy","increase firebreak"]
[]
[null,null,"China constrains North Korea threat\nSmith 17 ","emp denied"]
[{"$nulls":3},"too scared of first strike"]

{"sheet":"Infra DA","index":6,"n_rows":31,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":31}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Infrastructure passes now---it’s bipartisan. ",null,null,"A gas tax solves oil dependence, warming, and price spikes---it creates stable downward pressure on prices by limiting driving and spurring fuel efficiency innovations. ","correlation not causation?"]
["Includes a gas tax.",null,null,"Oil volatility escalates every global hotspot --- that outweighs:\n1. Magnitude --- oil violence underlies all global hotspots --- Yemen, Afghanistan, Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia, Russia, and Ukraine, and Venezuela\n","warming inev--card"]
["Restrictions destroy the bipartisan agenda. ",null,null,"2. Turns case --- it’s the controlling factor for why draw-in happens --- only our scenario explains why conflict escalates. ","thumpers-investigation coming now"]
["Solves oil dependence, volatility, petro-state influence and warming",null,null,"Warming causes extinction and turns every impact.","pelosi will use investigative powers"]
["Volatility goes nuclear karl 16",null,null,"1 – miscalc – oil dependence escalates likelihood of war with diminished resources and heightened tensions including bioweapon escalation \n2 – interventions – democracy promotion in oil states is the biggest cause of intervention \n3 – internal link to checks on Trump is crisis escalation – we access it \n","more ev--restrictions from right and left"]
[null,null,"Energy will not spark a great power war---cost of war deters major conflict ","Yes oil impact – dependence causes nuclear war glaser 13","massive pushback against trump now--2/1","xxxxxxx","restrictions now--congress is not war hawks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"regional spats",null,null,"they are checking executive"]
[{"$nulls":4},"won't pasa now-overly optimistic, lots of other congress stuff",null,"doesn't solve korea scenario--first use nuclear threat"]
[null,null,"nfu debates now trigger their links","Introduction by two radical congresspeople is RADICALLY DISTINCT from an operational NFU policy – the thumper is orders of magnitudes small that the aff and doesn’t take out the DA. ",null,null,"different than K writ large"]
[{"$nulls":3},"I’ll do the link work. Legislative attacks on executive authority destroy bipartisanship---","restrictions are popular in house?",null,"first use posture writ large"]
[{"$nulls":3},"1. Causes a political firestorm---Trump will use the Senate to bog down democrats in investigation"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Trump backlash—restrictions GOP senators to revolt and exacerbate house divisions"]
[{"$nulls":3},"2. Causes a break with Dem leadership---Pelosi and Schumer are working to restrain radical impulses among Dems---that prevents a focus on the agenda."]
[{"$nulls":3},"Her strength is the key factor in getting democrats in line to advance the agenda. "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"won't pass-baker 1/13","Infrastructure will pass now---that’s Nabers. Their ev is from January 1st – its 30 DAYS OLD so prefer ours. "]
[{"$nulls":3},"1. Political capital---it’s Trump’s signature issue---he will use the State of the Union to get Republicans in line. "]
[{"$nulls":3},"2. Bipartisanship---it’s a priority for Pelosi---she expects it this year."]
[{"$nulls":3},"Dems and Trump are on board---Trump will use his influence to get Republicans"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Top of the docket---there’s a narrow window, but it will happen\nTribune 2/1"]
[{"$nulls":3},"gas tax will encourage passsive"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"restrictions are popular-card","Restraints are unpopular – I did this work on the link debate – BUT their evidence is about sending ground troops to Syria, NOT nuclear policy. "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Authority restrictions collapse the truce---both sides have incentive to escalate on other issues to deter future constraints. "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Robert Mickey, Steven Levitsky, & Lucan Ahmad Way 17"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Pres powers votes spill over to derail other issues—Yemen resolution proves--Williams 18"]
[{"$nulls":3},"will pass 2019"]

{"sheet":"K","index":7,"n_rows":61,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":61}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Nuclear policy is politically and symbolically constructed through gendered discourse – the aff’s coding distorts decision-making through abstracting from the body and privileges western militarist rhetoric of the masculine savior that makes conflict a foregone conclusion. ",null," \nThe aff outweighs---unnecessary and preventable death forecloses existence and any potential value in this world---especially true of nuclear miscalculation,this is irreversible and only our strategy can prevent it\n","masculinity is the root cause of violence","not monolith-specific analysisi key","gender violence comes first-violation of humanity, symbolic align with academic fw that priortizies sexualized ivolence, 3rd is enviro dstrucction, that is why warming inev, economic drive to competition which rc is masculinity","weigh the plan"]
[null,1,null,"genderd violence-internveiton aborad, US masculine savior--circumvents congress","pro-dicts prove","can't solve gv or environment","what is the alt, how does changing discourse solve anything"]
["Reframing the aff’s technostrategic language is a necessary challenge to the hegemony of “legitimate” nuclear policy debate. \nCohn 87",null,null,"drive to destroy the earth-environment impact","no warming, no link to nfu, doesn't destroy environment","rc of escalation--trump has feminized north korea, make conflict inev","2nc cx proves this argument"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Gendered violence outweighs any other impact—prioritization of other issues contributes to omission of domestic violence","countries will be realist, in their interest","no threat of NK war in the first place","symbolically align yourself--not perpetuated by the AFF, but is a criticism"]
[{"$nulls":4},"ethical orientations don't matter?","congress adv--presumption, neutral subject, always already white man, controls congresss, what evidence is credible, evaluate crises etc","nfu is an important policy"]
["Challenging the justification and frame of US militarized masculine protection shifts public discussion and opens space for reclaiming violent gendered discourses. Framing is key – rhetorical constructs a worldview that shapes the status quo and the future. \nFerguson 5 ",{"$nulls":3},"floating Pik-steal 1ac, no fofense","they don't change the gendered structure of congress","capitalist drive"]
[null,null,"secrecy in squo and it is worse, first use pressure causes structural violence, paranoia now is bad for alternative","realism causes lashout because masculinity","reps don’t' shape reality-yoo evidence no take backs",null,"sweeping theories of hwo conflict is organized"]
[{"$nulls":3},"masks gender in democractization--neutral subject.","impac turned that claim?","rc debate-drive to dominate the east and control in the region","peach 1ar--broad contextual factors for conflict"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Trump wants to dominate east cuz masculinitne","congress is better than exec-more demo checks",null,"we don't fetishize trump rhetoric, causes change by nfu policy"]
[{"$nulls":3},"always competiton over cooperation","waxman-more selective and more info","reps and material action--deliberate choice, masks consuqnece of nuclear iolence","why is the alt better than nfu?"]
[{"$nulls":3},"their card says humiliation","infintie number of assumptions-clash","hold them accountable, delinate who is a threat or who is not"]
[{"$nulls":3},"my attitude is the one that matters--rhetoric shapes reality of IR","we internal link turn-clash is more informed decisions","rhetoric is consequences","congress good is a call for more voices"]
[{"$nulls":3},"rhetorical escalation is the 1ac arg for uncertainty","rhetoric doesn't link to mil policy","masks real intentions","better than the squo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"congress can be secret too",null,null,"doesn't change any policy or material arrangements"]
[{"$nulls":3},"congress links to good wars","no forced choise--noko is rational is our arg","not a floating pik","trump rhetoric is worse if he can act on it"]
[{"$nulls":4},"analogy is two bad strategies"]
[{"$nulls":5},"yoo saying rogue nations is not the same gendered language of the 1ac","you can't read Yoo and discourse at the same time"]
[null,null,"Framework—they have the burden of rejoinder—the K must prove the fiated implications of the plan are worse than the consequences of a neg ballot. ","interp-judge should weigh reps first","peach 2k4--residual force and anti imperialsim are compatible?","what's the impact","does challenge resistance"]
[null,null,"The impact is fairness—their framework shifts away from the controversy that we’re equally prepared to debate about—that decks clash, which is the only metric the judge can use to fairly determine the winner.","shapes implementaiton, you can pick your reps, so reciprocal",null,null,"congress pushing for restrictions"]
[{"$nulls":3},"they can say anthing and sever out of it",null,"we are K'ing the idea that there is a difference between the two branches"]
[{"$nulls":3},"ferguson says gender reps first"]
[]
[{"$nulls":5},"FRAMEWORK"]
[{"$nulls":3},"all their evidence is not specific",null,"weigh the AFF against the K"]
[null,null,"vote aff despite prior questions--kratochwill","nuclear gender rhetoric"]
[{"$nulls":3},"reps comes first shapes policy"]
[{"$nulls":3},"masculine bodies push for action to defend masculinate",null,"discourse of the two are mutually exclusive"]
[{"$nulls":5},"can't be in the same space"]
[]
[{"$nulls":5},"links--north korea, feminize them"]
[null,null,"pdb","irrational state",null,"the same loigc, congress"]
[null,null,"there is no false choice between the aff and alternative---inclusion of alternative theories and perspectives against nuclear weapons are good","feminization, tissal is full of gendered language, deterrence card",null,"approve most wars independent of circumstances"]
[{"$nulls":3},"congress is gendered--healht examle",null,"gender violence is coded in every day"]
[{"$nulls":3},"congress green lights wars"]
[{"$nulls":3},"group think--inevitable within congress--no mavericks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"misagianodis--trump is sympom not cause"]
[{"$nulls":3},"victim blaming"]
[{"$nulls":3},"well meaning liberal da--maintaing deterrence, they don't disarm"]
[{"$nulls":3},"justifications are bad because techno strategic"]
[{"$nulls":3},"masculine fluidtiy so vote for severance"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"They are fundamentally wrong—gendered binaries don’t organize the world\nHooper 1 ","we said the power that shapes IR"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"No internal link --- saying we justify something does NOT mean we cause it --- empirics \nGoddard & Krebs 15 ","link debate"]
[]
[{"$nulls":3},"ALTERNATIVE"]
[{"$nulls":3},"open up space for resistant"]
[{"$nulls":3},"breaks down binaries"]
[{"$nulls":3},"don't need masculine protection"]
[{"$nulls":3},"solvse the case, changes the way IR operates"]
[]
[null,null,"1ac solves stuff they are K'ing"]
[null,null,"other instiutions are worse"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"violence isn't inevitable from liberal stuff","generic, not specific to our gendered language in nucearlism"]
[{"$nulls":3},"gendered understandins is why shit escalates"]

{"sheet":"Congress","index":8,"n_rows":24,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":24}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Executive war power structurally ensures groupthink and escalatory interventions",{"$nulls":4},"special ops are causing escaltaion"]
["Goes nuclear --- accidents and miscalc",1,{"$nulls":3},"knowledge in committees dispree it"]
["Only reinvigorating Congressional war powers can solve nuclear war \nWaxman 14 ",null,"Congress is not interested in the aff \nBrosnan 18 ","fiat solves that",null,"blari-right direction"]
["The plan solves --- invoking WPA powers to restrain presidential nuclear authority causes broader Congressional scrutiny that reins in executive warmaking ",{"$nulls":4},"checking faulty information"]
["Congress citing the WPA is crucial to galvanize additional checks on Trump --- perception of inept White House key to galvanize and maintain further oversight ",null,"Congress backfires --- statutory checks make war more likely.\nNzelibe 07 ","two lines long","more likely-moral hazard problem, political assurance"]
["Independently---first-use makes preemption and accidents inevitable---global miscalc",null,null,"congress authorize wars on credible intel"]
["Extinction\nGlikson 18 ",null,null,"alt is group think try or die"]
["Deterrence fails \nBarash ’18 ",null,null,"signal to adversaires"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Congress doesn’t have sufficient knowledge to enforce the plan\nBrosnan 18 ","committees ensure expertise","no knowledge, fiat doesn't solve it"]
[{"$nulls":4},"fiat doesn't provide capabiltiy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"blair concedes--needs way more policies to solve"]
[null,null,"blair says nfu insufficient","steps in right direction are good","human and physical barriesr to accidents"]
[{"$nulls":4},"coding, traind personel, technology checks"]
[]
[null,null,"Circumvention – congress fails\nStarr 17 ","no circ lieu 17"]
[{"$nulls":3},"durable fiat solves"]
[{"$nulls":3},"good faith "]
[{"$nulls":3},"trump will be deterred-card"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"accidents are science fiction-quinlan 2k9","ocean targeting won't happen--all out pressures"]

{"sheet":"ESR CP","index":9,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":17}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[null,null,"Congress key for North Korea---the CP is perceived as a Trump foreign policy lie, given the sudden posture shift from the NPR and departure from past nuclear rhetoric---that’s Tisdall"]
[null,1]
[]
[null,null,"nobody trusts-lockie 1/17"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"esr can't do operaitonal dodge 17"]
[null,null,"congress will block donnely"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Perm do both---shields the link---Trump will take full credit for the perm as a smart fopo move, NOT the dems---OR links to 2020 DA because it is seen as Trump caving to dem pressures "]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Can’t solve War powers, obviously---ESR retrenches executive supremacy over congress and kills political will for future restrictions---proliferates groupthink and escalatory intervention---Congress reclamation is key---that’s Ackerman and Willis"]

{"sheet":"Off 6","index":10,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":3}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[]
[null,1]

{"sheet":"Macros","index":11,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":18}
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