{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":12,"sheets":["Adv 3","Solvency","ESR CP","con crisis da","Crisis","PIC","Dealert","Congress","Deterrence DA","Off 5","Off 6","Macros"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":1,"external_links":0,"defined_names":11,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1904"}

{"sheet":"Adv 3","index":0,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":3,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[]
[null,1]

{"sheet":"Solvency","index":1,"n_rows":1,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":1,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]

{"sheet":"ESR CP","index":2,"n_rows":31,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":31,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[null,null,"Exec fiat’s a voter – No topic question debate– no lit assumes ESR means the neg wins every debate. "]
[null,1,"Reject object fiat – no aff advantages"]
[null,null,"Reject planks without advocates – causes 2AC time and strat skew and distorts the lit base "]
[]
[]
[null,null,"pdb"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"pdcp"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"ESR fails-the NDAA prohibits reducing alert levels or ICBMs","plan happens too slow?","not cirumvention, exec changes"]
[null,null,"Congress will block the Executive on operational changes",null,"we fiat congress"]
[null,null,"And, Congress fights mean the CP has the opposite effect as the aff",null,"fiat immediate, durable"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"courts"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Trump signaling is not credible- undercuts advisors, statements confuse, Rhetoric can lead to war, and the damage is done- that’s Yarhi Milo"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"The OLC offers ZERO credibility and NO checks on Trump "]
[]
[]
[null,null,"CP gets ignored and doesn’t bind posner 12"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Can’t solve trump launch -  OLC can be overruled"]

{"sheet":"con crisis da","index":3,"n_rows":10,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":10,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["The aff causes a constitutional crisis --- Congressional involvement in nuclear decision-making induces adversaries to use it or lose it ",null,"Trump wont challenge or will back down in court empirics, DACA, Travel ban, and more",null,"tech is bad for taboo and deterrence now?"]
[null,1,null,null,"ambiguity causes nuke war"]
["The impact is democratic backsliding \nMatthews 17 ",null,"Singh concludes aff"]
[]
["U.S. is key---extinction\nKasparov 17 "]
[null,null,"No democracy impact---new tech, non-state actors, military autonomy, and eroding institutional constrains undermine DPT"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"why this issue, has something with nukes?"]

{"sheet":"Crisis","index":4,"n_rows":16,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":16,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Nuclear non-use norms are collapsing now – multiple factors",null,null,"south asia war coming-postures terrosim",null,"south asia=nuclear","congress would approve a nuclear strike?","specificity key?"]
["Specifically, deterrence is collapsing now",null,null,"china low",null,"miscalc, china low, makes it quick, goes global","hackers infiltrate coc-dunlap  ev","terrorism and cf strikes"]
["NFU creates a new regime of nuclear restraint",null,null,null,null,"spoofing increasing now-that' accidents","no taboo impacts-kroenig indics their card, won't model, other countries don’t care","commitments cause draw in"]
["NFU snowballs and an external constraint increases crisis stability",null,"No chance of accidental launch\nPayne et al 17 ","human tech, too qick for ocean","doesn't solve, hasn't happened","10 min decision time, use it or lose it",null,"plan reverse causaul"]
["South Asia war risk high now—nuclear postures risk miscalc Keck 18",null,null,null,"aff increasse spoofing by extending coc--dunlap 17","dealert solves, sinulsate from spoofing",null,"yes modeling-examples"]
["cribb 17",null,null,null,null,"india models US",null,"short flight times"]
["The plan solves—it spurs shift to more stable nuclear postures",null,null,null,null,"hypocricy bad",null,"bigger than conventional war"]
["The risk of an accidental nuclear war is high—LOW posture makes it worse ",null,null,null,null,"xxxx",null,"limited nw causes exticntion-dropped"]
["The plan restores the South Asian nuclear taboo – India and Pakistan will model\nCarranza 18 ",null,null,null,null,null,null,"cribb"]
[null,null,"No nuclear taboo impact---it’s theoretically wrong and explains nothing about deterrence outcomes ","norms eroding, india specifci ev","taboo wrong--doesn't apply to other states? Just the US? No one cares about taboo?",null,null,"concede no accidents"]
[null,null,null,null,"trump won't actually do anything?",null,null,"turn is about waxman"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"dealerts so no impact to spoof"]
[null,null,"No Trump lashout, first-use, or hair-trigger launch \nFeaver 17 ","not our scenaraio",null,null,null,"india modeling more specific"]
[null,null,null,"unrestriced",null,null,null,"no deterrence norms-dual use tech"]
[null,null,null,"early warning failure causes trikes"]

{"sheet":"PIC","index":5,"n_rows":40,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":40,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["The CP PICs out of operational in the plan text – it does all of the aff for strategic nuclear weapons, but reserves the use and development of strategic tactical nuclear weapons – heres their 1ac ev ",null,null,"cp pics out of tnw's","TNWs aren’t credible---difficulties of nuclear planning, political constraints, and ineffective NATO-info sharing and weapons cohesion means TNWs don’t deter---","doesn't model deception campaign","tnw's cause south asia war"]
[null,1,null,"cp fiats out of congress adv?","TNWs kill deterrence---undercuts effective conv deterrence, maintains nuclear/conv entanglement---1) independently makes miscalc more likely b/c tehre’s no clear red line b/t nuke and non capabilities, 2) kills deterrence---TNWs aren’t a credible threat, adversaries don’t believe the US would use them",null,null,"didn’t' they kick this impact"]
[]
["Knowledge regarding nuclear security resolves issues in congress – their 1ac evidence ",null,null,null,"can't solve modeling--India TNW deplyoment is bad"]
[null,null,"pdb","tactical weapons","adversaries deception campigh--need all changes"]
[null,null,null,"strategic vs tactical nukes--card","adversaries will first strike?"]
[null,null,null,"Nonstrategic nukes would include our forward-deployed nuclear weapons with lower yields – those are key to deterrence"]
[null,null,null,null,"2nd strike should solve detrerence"]
[null,null,null,null,"sub hardening"]
[null,null,"PICS are a voting issue \n1. Infinitely regressive - can choose any exceptions\n2. Education - doesn’t disprove the plan is bad\n","rant"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"justfies india tnw's","allied prolif on case?"]
[null,null,"South tactical nuke deployment increases risk of war – the plan solves by restoring the nuclear taboo.","trump has twitter?"]
[null,null,null,"kroenig says tattenwald is wrong"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Political conflicts thump---OR, it’s resilient","not european TNW's"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"American nukes in Europe are strategically useless. They have no credibility and cannot be successfully launched—the current posture inevitably crushes NATO cohesion.","doesn't answer the cp"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"combo plank","we are a pic"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"conditionality bad","xxxxx"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"tnw's collapse deterrence-card"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"gets rid of icbms, they said key to deterrence","case and 1nr"]

{"sheet":"Dealert","index":6,"n_rows":20,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":20,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["ICBMs gut strategy stability—first strike vulnerability, risk escalation Snyder 18",null,null,"accidents thappen nukes",null,"russia would go after coc","numbers game","russia would strike luanch centers, that takes out 2nd strike"]
[null,null,null,"sub hardening solves deterrence",null,"fortify subs-2nd strike",null,"750 nuclear weapons, don't have to use all of them"]
["ICBMs don’t deter attacks, eliminating them deescalates crises",null,null,null,null,"better targetting syste--enough war heads for massive nuke war",null,"china doesn't have enough nukes"]
[null,null,"ICBMs specifically key to deterrence – “warhead sink” effect makes opposing 1st strikes impossible and superiority prevents Russian compellent threats \nKroenig, 2018 ","not key, no spong, attacks on cc","450 different sites","human and tech errors"]
["ICBM cuts boost sub and bomber deterrence—shift, modernization",null,null,"no link to d, silos are vulnerable and 2nd strike solves--card","900 warheads, window is 5 sites without them","risk magnify everytime"]
[null,null,null,null,"stay ahead of enemies","icbms vulnerable-they don't have to attack all of them"]
["Subs are survivable, ICBMs aren’t",null,null,null,"ambiugity is good for deterrence?"]
[null,null,null,null,"No ICBMs bad impacts – inconsistent logic, empirics disprove accidental launch risks \nKroenig, 2018 "]
["ICBMs are the biggest accident risk",null,null,null,"number of icbm and ability to use them is the link, numbers is what matters even if some are vulnerable"]
["Hair trigger alert significantly increases the risk of nuclear war [multiple reasons] "]
["Operational NFU solves – strengthens strategic stability and ends re-altering pressures ",null,"Plan gets circumvented – Trump wants to violate rule of law and has new, deeper senate majorities that will support him.\nSerwer ‘18\n","Fiat solves, plan says USFG, \nFiat must be durable\n1 key to long term effects of policy\n2 any inherent aff would get rolled back\n"]
["Conventional responses resolve everything credibly, First use cannot. NFU strengthens deterrence via doctrinal shifts in the triad ",null,null,"Accountability, President is discouraged, deterred, and dissuaded, plan is legally binding military would refuse the illegal order- that’s Stone"]
["Operational changes create stability ---adversaries won’t believe NFU unless backed by dealerting",null,null,"Despite his narrative, Trump folds when faced with congressional checks\nChotiner 18 "]
[]
[null,null,"NFU reverses guarantees and undercuts credible posture – spurs broad prolif. \nMiller & Payne ’16 ","No Assurance cred now, second strike solves assurance, no allied prolif blair 16","prolif causes arm races","Conceded no prolif---takes way too long, allies don’t have the tech or political will to do it---too much domestic turmoil---that’s blair"]
[null,null,null,null,"magniy existing tnesions"]
[null,null,null,"emp denied postur change in past","link turns case---flip flop bad for global signaling","Also no uq to the da---30 key allies said they don’t think us fu is credible, don’t want the us to use nukes near them---2nd strike and conv solves their fears---prefer our ev, cites actual allies---blair "]
[null,null,null,null,"Spills over globally and escalates every hotspot. \nZarate ’14 "]
[null,null,null,null,"icbms good for deterrence"]

{"sheet":"Congress","index":7,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1AC",null,"1NC","2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Congress lacks knowledge on nuclear security",null,"Empowering Congress is more likely to lead to escalation because of political pressure --- the plan shuts down executive capacity to restrain foreign policy \nHolmes 10 ","Congressional power is key to solve conflict---flex and speed arguments don’t assume Trump---executive powers make every global hotspot more likely to escalate","political pressure to esclaate","congress good","holmes-hawkish, kennedy example, make foreign policy worse, justifeis unilaterlaism, partisan hacks","no terminal impact to hawkish"]
["Congressional NFU gives knowledge and reduces secrecy",1,null,"no terminal impact","hawkish oversight ","Flex causes war, limited congressional debate makes wars more likely, Vietnam proves, and independently Trump’s erratic foreign policy causes miscalc, that’s Fuchs",null,"this arg is too old"]
["Absent expertise congress defunds and preempts",null,null,"Checks force better policies – turns the disad\nCorker 13 ","Congress will refuse to exercise oversight when the same party controls Congress and the Presidency, then in divided government oversight will be politicized grandstanding which is worse for policy effectiveness ","bettter than president, unssutainble",null,"trump causes wars now"]
["Congressional revitalization solves nuke terror",null,null,null,null,"corker and fuchs unindicted",null,"their evidence is about scarry not operational nfu"]
["Extinction roth 17",null,null,null,null,null,null,"plan soles sub hardening which solves 2nd strike and deterrence"]
["Risk of nuclear terror is high",null,null,null,null,"icbm won't be use in crisis, that means not credible",null,"something about india modeling?"]
["Plan stops first use – President complies and binds chain of command\nStone 84 ",null,"No impact\nWeiss, 15",null,null,"Stronger checks increase deterrence credibility waxman 14"]
["Novel innovations in cyber-technology increase the risk of spoofing and causes nuclear use"]
["terrorist spoofing causes nuclear war"]
["trump causes nuclear war now?"]

{"sheet":"Deterrence DA","index":8,"n_rows":26,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":26,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
["Effective nuclear deterrence will continue under Trump",null,null,"revisitonst russia and chian",null,"china gpw impact, draw in with region","china new"]
[null,null,null,"payne-conventional wars, that escalates with cbw's","Their ev says Baltics---haven’t answered tannenwald, russi doesn’t have the funding---cutting mil spending b/c oil revenues decreasing---no military","conventional war is bad","no security commitments in scs to turn south asia"]
["Strategic ambiguity sufficiently deters expansionist adversaries now – the aff undermines crucial nuclear deterrence, which prevents regional and global conflict, killing hundreds of millions and turning the aff via allied prolif",null,null,"Now is key – a myriad of potential conflicts require effective deterrence\nHersman 18 ","Even if conventional, limited nuclear war causes extinction---cp and da both fail---aff solves escalation chain---extc first, can only die once","russia has capabilites to invade baltics?","only die once"]
[null,null,null,"prolif=crisis isntability","only die once"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"LINK"]
[null,null,null,null,"no russia scenario--krepon 17","high and credible under trump-thompson--npr and mod","conventioanl capacity argment--russia has no funds, low oil, can't deploy weapons, just because weaposn exist doesn't mean can invade stuff"]
[null,null,"NFU deters - Conventional edge deters all non-nuclear threats, MAD applies to nuclear armed states, 2nd Strike is always a deterrent, First use is not credible","numbers",null,"miller and payne--70 years of deterrence work"]
[null,null,null,"allies don't trust second strike","Conventional capabilities and firepower deter---aff is k2 disentangle nuclear + conventional systems, ensures credible conv deterrence- That’s cartwright and kimball","they have latent capabilities","not revisionist"]
[null,null,null,"nato simulations prove CD sucks","Only the plan makes credible, Franklin 10","allied prolif impact"]
[null,null,null,"conventioanl war still bad",null,"LA times--congress too slow to deliberate","LINK debate"]
[null,null,null,"Conventional shift guarantees catastrophic war with Russia --radin 17",null,"trump would circumvent?","firebreak--disentangle"]
[null,null,null,null,"Russia is not revisionist- empirics\nKhramchikhin, 18\n",null,"conventioanl deterrence solves"]
[null,null,null,null,null,"russia is revisionist--empirics?","franklink"]
[]
[null,null,"cyber attacks","New Trump OCO strategy disproves nuclear retaliation\nWashington Post 9/21 ",null,null,"allies questioning credibility"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"2nd strike postures are better"]
[]
[null,null,"NFU is key to de-escalate Russia/China war\nReif, 16\n","above",null,null,"china won't do anything--nocards"]
[null,null,null,"russia expanding colar war perimeter systems"]
[null,null,null,"they want nuclear primacy",null,null,"allied prolif--npt, rollback, tech etc"]
[null,null,null,"ambiguity causes caution",null,null,"allies don't trust now"]
[null,null,null,"The perception of the plan causes expansionism from Russia and China, erodes deterrence, and causes prolif – conventional deterrence doesn’t solve\nMiller and Payne 16 "]
[null,null,null,"SQuo congressional action on nukes wrecks deterrence\nLA Times 17 "]
[]
[null,null,null,"this is circumvention but cp education solvs it?"]

{"sheet":"Off 5","index":9,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":3,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[]
[null,1]

{"sheet":"Off 6","index":10,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":3,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["1NC",null,"2AC","2NC","1AR","2NR","2AR"]
[]
[null,1]

{"sheet":"Macros","index":11,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":18,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Command","Function "]
["Control+Shift+N","Auto-Numbers"]
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